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A cigarette holder is a fashion accessory, a slender tube in which a cigarette is held for smoking. Most frequently made of silver, jade or bakelite (popular in the past but now wholly replaced by modern plastics), cigarette holders were considered an essential part of ladies' fashion from the mid-1910s through the early-1970s. Cigarette holders range from the simplest single material constructs to incredibly ornate styles with complex inlays of metal and gemstones. Rarer examples of these can be found in enamel, horn, tortoise shell, or more precious materials such as amber and ivory. As with evening gloves, ladies' cigarette holders are measured by four traditional formal standard lengths: * opera length, usually 16 to 20 inches/40 to 50 cm * theatre length, 10 to 14 inches/25 to 35 cm * dinner length, 4 to 6 inches/10 to 15 cm * cocktail length, which includes shorter holders Traditionally, men's cigarette holders were no more than 4 inches long〔''History of Men's Fashion'', Nicholas Storey, 2008, p93.〕 The holder was also used as a practical accessory, as before the advent of filtered cigarettes in the 1960s, the holder served several purposes. A holder kept tobacco flakes out of the smoker's mouth, kept the thin cigarette paper from sticking and tearing on the smoker's lips, prevented nicotine stains on fingers, cooled and mellowed the smoke and kept side-stream smoke from stinging the smoker's eyes. Occasionally the holder would be built to encase a filter for taste and later, health reasons. Though modern cigarettes are generally manufactured with an existing filter, filtered cigarette holders are occasionally used as a secondary filtration system, and to prevent nicotine staining of the fingers.〔 A similar holder made of wood, meerschaum or bakelite and with an amber mouthpiece was used for cigars and was a popular accessory for men from the Edwardian period until the 1920s. ==Notable users== Well-known women who used cigarette holders include Audrey Hepburn,〔''"Audrey Hepburn: A Biography"'' Warren G. Harris, 1994〕 Lucille Ball,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Smoke Screen: Stars Who Make Smoking an Art )〕 Jayne Mansfield,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jayne Mansfield with cigarette holder )〕 Jacqueline Kennedy,〔''"Jackie After Jack: Portrait of the Lady"'' Christopher Anderson, 1999〕 Rita Hayworth,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Rita Hayworth )〕 Princess Margaret,〔''H.R.H.The Princess Margaret: A Life Unfulfilled'', Nigel Dempster, 1981〕 Wendy Richard,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Wendy Richard interview )〕 Madalena Barbosa, Louise Brooks, Cleo Trumbo and Ayn Rand. Scarlett Johansson is a contemporary example. Among the best-known men who used cigarette holders were Franklin D. Roosevelt,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=FDR's cigarette holder )〕 Terry-Thomas, Enrico Caruso,〔''Enrico Caruso: my father and my family'', Enrico Caruso Jr and Andrew Farkas, 1990, page 374〕 Vladimir Horowitz,〔''Vanity Fair: photographs of an age, 1914-1936'', 1982, p97〕 Ian Fleming,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ian Fleming's Style )〕 Noël Coward,〔''Noel Coward: A Biography'', Philip Hoare, 1995, p227〕 Hunter S. Thompson (though he regarded his as only a filter),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Hunter S. Thompson Interview )〕 Tennessee Williams, Fulgencio Batista, Sergei Rachmaninoff, Josip Broz Tito, and Hans von Bülow. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cigarette holder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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